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William Hasker (2000) within Process Studies explains
that the problem of evil has been written about more in the last ten years
than the other theistic proofs put together,[1] and the trend
continues.[2]
In his (2007) review of Peter van Inwagen’s book The Problem of Evil, he explains that a theodicy,
unlike a defence, attempts to state the true reasons why evil exists[3] in a creation and
world ruled by God. Theistic and Christian theodicy are therefore largely a
response to initial Seventeenth, and primarily Eighteenth century and forward,
secular criticisms of the theology and philosophy of God within religion and
Christianity.
According to Michael Peterson, William Hasker,
Bruce Reichenbach, and David Basinger (1996) Augustine was one of the first
writers to comprehensively deal with the problem of evil,[4] and so it would
seem important for me to review his approach in my United Kingdom, PhD.
2015 Note
During my research I found that a key exemplar,
Alvin C. Plantinga held to a similar view in regard to theodicy versus defence
as Hasker and Plantinga provided a defence.
However, although I earned my PhD at
Wales, I briefly previously worked at Manchester and my advisor, Professor David Pailin, I
reason was correct in stating that the defence versus theodicy difference was
minimal.
I came to this conclusion myself as both approaches largely speculate in regard to the problem of evil,
as human beings have finite knowledge, in comparison to God’s infinite
knowledge, although a theodicy is expected to be more robust and dogmatic.
I cautiously embedded a
theodicy within my PhD relying on Bible, philosophical theology and philosophy of religion.
HASKER, WILLIAM (1989) God, Time, and Knowledge, Ithaca, Cornell University Press.
HASKER, WILLIAM (1993) ‘C. Robert Mesle, John
Hick’s Theodicy: A Process Humanist Critique’, in Philosophy of Religion, Volume 34, Number 1, pp. 55-56. Dordrecht,
Netherlands, Philosophy of Religion.
HASKER, WILLIAM (1994) ‘Can Philosophy Defend
Theology?’, in Faith and Philosophy,
Volume 11, Number 2, April, pp. 272-278.
Wilmore, Kentucky, Asbury College.
HASKER, WILLIAM (2000) ‘The Problem of Evil in
Process Theism and Classical Free Will Theism’, in Process Studies, Volume. 29, Number 2, Fall-Winter, pp. 194-208.
Claremont, California, Religion Online.
HASKER, WILLIAM (2003) ‘Counterfactuals and Evil’,
in Philosophia Christi, Volume 5,
Number 1, pp. 235-249. La Mirada, California, Biola University.
HASKER, WILLIAM (2003) ‘Is Free-Will Theism
Religiously Inadequate? A Reply to Ciocchi’, in Religious Studies, Volume 39, Number 4, December, pp. 431-440.
Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
HASKER, WILLIAM (2007) ‘Peter van Inwagen, The
Problem of Evil’, in Notre Dame
Philosophical Reviews, Notre Dame, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews.
PETERSON, MICHAEL, WILLIAM HASKER, BRUCE
REICHENBACH, AND DAVID BASINGER (1996)(eds.), ‘Introduction: Saint Augustine:
Evil is Privation of Good’, in Philosophy
of Religion, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
The supervisor of my work section recently made a casual comment about my shaggy mane of hair. He then went on to extol the virtues of a good haircut, which, he insisted, makes an elderly man look younger and a younger man seem more mature.
ReplyDelete"How would a haircut make a middle-aged man like me appear?" I asked.
"Still employed," was his answer.
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ReplyDeleteNote to self: Be sure and cancel your credit cards before you die!
ReplyDeleteA lady died this past January, and the Royal Bank billed her for February and March
for their annual service charges on her credit card and then added late fees and interest
on the monthly charge. The balance had been $0.00, now is somewhere around $60.00.
A family member placed a call to the Royal Bank:
Family Member:
'I am calling to tell you that she died in January.'
Royal Bank:'The account was never closed and the late fees and charges still apply.'
Family Member:
'Maybe, you should turn it over to collections.'
Royal Bank:
'Since it is two months past due, it already has been..'
Family Member:
So, what will they do when they find out she is dead?'
Royal Bank PAC:
'Either report her account to the frauds division or report her to
The credit bureau, maybe both!'
Family Member:
'Do you think God will be mad at her?'
Royal Bank:
'Excuse me?'
Family Member:
'Did you just get what I was telling you . . . The part about her
Being dead?'
Royal Bank:
'Sir, you'll have to speak to my supervisor.'
Supervisor gets on the phone:
Family Member:
'I'm calling to tell you, she died in January.'
Royal Bank:
'The account was never closed and the late fees and charges still apply.'
Family Member:
'You mean you want to collect from her estate?'
Royal Bank:
(Stammer) 'Are you her lawyer?'
Family Member:
'No, I'm her great nephew.'
(Lawyer info given)
Royal Bank:
'Could you fax us a certificate of death?'
Family Member:
'Sure.'
( fax number is given )
After they get the fax:
Royal Bank:
'Our system just isn't set up for death. I don't know what more I
Can do to help.'
Family Member:
'Well, if you figure it out, great! If not, you could just keep billing Her. I don't think she will care.'
Royal Bank :
'Well, the late fees and charges do still apply.'
Family Member:
'Would you like her new billing address?'
Royal Bank:
'That might help.'
Family Member:
' Rookwood Memorial Cemetery , 1249 Centenary Rd, Sydney Plot Number
1049.'
Royal Bank:
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Family Member: 'Well, what do you do with dead people on your planet ?'
Dr. Russ: School District No.92 (Nisga'a), Catalyst Paper and Interior Health Authority are looking for candidates like you.
ReplyDeleteHow can a man go eight days without sleeping ?
ReplyDelete* No problem, he sleeps at night.
What is the main reason for failure?
ReplyDelete* exams
Where was the Declaration of Independence signed?
ReplyDelete* at the bottom of the page
What is the main reason for divorce?
ReplyDelete* marriage
1. Oatmeal decreases the levels of cholesterol in your blood as well as your risk of cardiac diseases
ReplyDeleteThe FDA approved, in a unique move, a health label on oatmeal packages that explains how soluble fibers from oatmeal, as part of a low trans-fat diet, can decrease your chances of being afflicted with heart conditions. This was based on 30 years of research into oatmeal and its benefits.
2. Oatmeal helps digestion processes
ReplyDeleteThe soluble fibers in oatmeal are taken apart in the lower intestine by resident bacteria. Those fibers that were not taken apart increase the volume of food and hasten bowel movements. This method decreases the likelihood of inflammatory diseases in the lower intestine, including hemorrhoids.
Tip: To enjoy these benefits, drink plenty of water. Consuming these fibers without drinking can cause constipation, stomach ache and gas.
ReplyDelete3. Oatmeal and blood sugar levels
ReplyDeleteAgain, we turn to the soluble fibers, which slow down the absorption of carbohydrates, and so prevent sharp increases in blood sugar levels. A 10 year long research was published in the American Journal of Public Health and has showed that consuming about 1 cup of cooked oatmeal a day, 2-4 times a week, will decrease the risk of type II diabetes by 16%. When you bring it up to 5-6 times a week - the risk goes down by 39%.
4. Getting thinner with oatmeal
ReplyDeleteOatmeal adds volume to the food by absorbing the liquid around it. In addition, the fibers slow the digestion process and give us a feeling of being full for longer periods of time.
5. Oatmeal improves quality of sleep
ReplyDeletePeople who consumed oatmeal before going to bed have demonstrated better and higher quality sleep than people who didn't. Oatmeal contains the essential amino acid tryptophan (one of the protein building blocks which we only get from food). tryptophan is a source material for creating melatonin (as well as serotonin). A lack in melatonin will cause sleeping problems, while an increase in tryptophan will prolong our deep sleep.
Recommended amount per day:
The general recommendation is about 4-5 spoons a day (can make a porridge of it), so you too can start enjoying the health benefits of oatmeal (at about 25-30 grams a day).
From Babamail
ReplyDeleteA second grader came home from school and said to her grandmother, "Grandma, guess what? We learned how to make babies today."
The grandmother, more than a little surprised, tried to keep her cool. "That's interesting." she said. "How do you make babies?"
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…..Mikey’s Funnies (http://www.mikeysFunnies.com) by way of “Christian Voices” (ChristianVoices@att.net)
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Two sisters, one blond and one brunette, inherit the family ranch. Unfortunately, after just a few years, they are in financial trouble....
ReplyDeleteIn order to keep the bank from repossessing the ranch, they need to purchase a bull so that they can breed their own stock.
Upon leaving, the brunette tells her sister, 'When I get there, if I decide to buy the bull, I'll contact you to drive out after me and haul it home.'
The brunette arrives at the man's ranch, inspects the bull, and decides she wants to buy it.
The man tells her that he will sell it for $599, no less. After paying him, she drives to the nearest town to send her sister a telegram to tell her the news.
She walks into the telegraph office, and says, 'I want to send a telegram to my sister telling her that I've bought a bull for our ranch and I need her to hitch the trailer to our pickup truck and drive out here so we can haul it home.'
The telegraph operator explains that he'll be glad to help her, then adds, it will cost 99 cents a word.
Well, after paying for the bull, the brunette realizes that she'll only be able to send her sister one word.
After a few minutes of thinking, she nods and says, 'I want you to send her the word 'comfortable.'
The operator shakes his head. 'How is she ever going to know that you want her to hitch the trailer to your pickup truck and drive out here to haul that bull back to your ranch if you send her just the word 'comfortable?'
The brunette explains, 'My sister's blonde. The word is big.
She'll read it very slowly... 'com-for-da-bul.'
Muscle: It’s Not Just for Bodybuilders
ReplyDeleteBrains: Not just for people with a degree or a career
ReplyDeleteFw: FIND THE # 1 SONG ON YOUR BIRTHDAY...
ReplyDeleteFor any birthday Chuck likes Helter Skelter by the Beatles for the Charles Manson "connection"...
ReplyDeleteInstrumental Version