The Orthodox Study Bible, New Testament and Psalms, (1993) Saint Athanasius Orthodox Academy, Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee.
My review of this fine academic text continues:
Within this Bible there is a Glossary from Reverend John W. Morris, Ph.D.
Filioque
Is a Latin word meaning 'and the Son.' (798). Western churches added this word to the Nicene Creed (325 AD, my add) several centuries after it was originally written. (798).
This "filioque clause" is judged by the Orthodox Church as error because it is contrary to what Jesus taught (John 15: 26); thus, it confuses correct belief concerning the Holy Trinity. The addition of the filioque in the West was a major factor contributing to the Great Schism in A.D. 1054.
The 1054 schism was between the Western Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
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Edited from a previous website entry...
Wednesday, October 24, 2018 Filioque
Nicene Creed section
And we believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord and giver of Life, who proceeds from the Father [and the Son]; who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified; who spoke by the prophets; and we believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church; we acknowledge one baptism for the remission of sins;and we look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen.
In traditional and ancient Western Theology, Roman Catholic and Protestant traditions, the Holy Spirit is understood as proceeding from both the Father and the Son.
Proceeding from: FILIOQUE-Pronounced FILLY O QUE or QAY (LATIN)
G.W. Bromiley states that the term ‘and from the Son' was not in the original 325 Nicene Creed or 381 Constantinople Creeds and was likely added to the Third Council of Toledo of 589. It was officially endorsed in 1017. Bromiley (1996: 415).
In agreement with the Orthodox Study Bible, the filioque clause was indeed added at a later date.
The filioque clause, in the minds of some historical commentators, in part, led to a split between the Western and Eastern Churches with the Eastern Churches rejecting it. Split in 1054.
Both God the Father and God the Son sent the Holy Spirit in John 15: 26.
John 15:26 New American Standard Bible (NASB) 26 “When the [a]Helper comes, whom I will send to you from the Father, that is the Spirit of truth who proceeds from the Father, He will testify about Me,... Footnotes: John 15:26 Gr Paracletos, one called alongside to help; or Comforter, Advocate, Intercessor
In my mind, the filioque clause is supported by John 15: 26.
Greek New Testament
Stephens 1550 Textus Receptus
(When but (But when) comes the helper (paracletos) whom I will send to you from the Father)
Bible Hub
Hort and Westcot
otan elqh o paraklhtoV on egw pemyw umin para tou patroV
(When comes the helper (paracletos) whom I will send to you from the Father)
Bromiley further mentions that the Holy Spirit is called the Spirit of Christ (Son in Galatians) in Romans 8: 9 and Galatians 4: 6 which both support the same idea.
From ‘New Advent and The Catholic Encylopedia’ online edited by Kevin Knight, they call it double procession from the Father whereas typically Eastern/Orthodox churches will hold to views that the Holy Spirit proceeds only from the Father. They express the view that this was as well confirmed at the Third Council of Toledo in 589. Knight (2012). Council of Toledo 589 Spain Councils started at 400 At 589 the King and council supported the Filioque clause.
Personally, I hold to the Protestant position, not primarily because I am Reformed but because of the Biblical text. I do not think this places Orthodox Eastern Christians in the category of cultic (outside of the faith) on this point. But I do I think it is an error.
BOICE, JAMES, MONTGOMERY (1981) Foundations of the Christian Faith, Downers Grove, IVP Press.
BROMILEY, G.W. (1996) ‘Filioque’ in Walter A. Elwell (ed.) Evangelical Dictionary of Theology, Grand Rapids, Baker Books.
ERICKSON, MILLARD (1994) Christian Theology, Grand Rapids, Baker Book House.
HANSON, Rev./Dr. B.B.M.J. Mackenzie-Hanson (2005-2006), Arian/Arianism
http://www.arian-catholic.org/arian/arianism.html
KNIGHT, KEVIN (2012) 'Filioque', New York, New Advent.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06073a.htm
MARSHALL, ALFRED (1975)(1996) The Interlinear KJV-NIV, Grand Rapids, Zondervan.
