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Monday, October 19, 2020
The Orthodox Study Bible: Eschatology
The Orthodox Study Bible: Eschatology
The Orthodox Study Bible, New Testament and Psalms (1993) Saint Athanasius Orthodox Academy, Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee.
Preface
I continue from my Reformed Christian tradition to use this fine academic source for review...
(This October 19, 2020 article has been reworked for an entry on academia.edu, June 24, 2023)
Eschatology
Glossary: Reverend John W. Morris, Ph.D.
'The study of the last days'. (797). Greek: eschaton (797).
Cited:
ἔσχατον (root word)
The Orthodoxy text explains that according to the Scriptures (New Testament, in particular, my add), Jesus Christ will return with the Second Coming/Advent. (797). Christ will at the end of time (this realm, my add) judge the living and the dead, destroy the power of evil and fully reveal the everlasting Kingdom. (797).
The text notes Matthew 25 and Revelation 20-21 for examples of New Testament eschatology. (797).
Eschatology is derived from the Greek word eschaton, meaning last, it refers to the ultimate culmination of history where Jesus Christ returns to earth and fully establishes his rule and Kingdom. Grenz, Guretzki, and Nordling (1999: 46). Eschatology is the theology that seeks to fully understand the direction and purpose of history and progressing events. Grenz, Guretzki, and Nordling (1999: 46).
Henry C. Thiessen writes that eschatology includes the concepts of the second coming of Christ, the resurrection, judgments, the millennium, and the final state. Thiessen (1956: 440).
The Orthodoxy bible defines the Second Coming, where it is explained that at the end of the ages, Jesus Christ will return and judge the living and the dead. (807). Following the judgement a new heaven and new earth will 'take the place of the old earth' (807).
But how literal is the concept of new heaven and new earth?
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εὑρεθήσεται V κατακαήσεται
Reworked from my previous website work...
Referencing
Direct quotations in italics
It appears the present online version has been edited from the one I referenced in 2020.
2 Peter 3:10 New American Standard Bible (NASB) 10 But the day of the Lord will come like a thief, in which the heavens will pass away with a roar and the elements will be destroyed with intense heat, and the earth and [a]its works will be [b]burned up. Footnotes: a 2 Peter 3:10 Lit the works in it b 2 Peter 3:10 Two early mss read discovered
εὑρεθήσεται: To find, to obtain, shall be found, is according to Metzger, the oldest reading.
κατακαήσεται: To burn up, is a variant, newer, reading.
Marshall presents εὑρεθήσεται in the Interlinear KJV-NIV, and defines it as 'will be destroyed'. (703). In the text, the King James version documents 'shall be burned up', while the NIV states 'will be laid bare'.
The major variation is the substitution of κατακαήσεται for εὑρεθήσεται. The translation would then read, “the earth and the works that are therein shall be burned up,” as κατακαίω means “to burn up.” (Overstreet).
A Study of 2 Peter 3:10-13 -- By: R. Larry Overstreet:
Journal: Bibliotheca Sacra Volume: BSAC 137:548 (Oct 1980)
Article: A Study of 2 Peter 3:10-13
Author: R. Larry Overstreet
BSac 137:548 (Oct 80) p. 354 A Study of 2 Peter 3:10-13 R. Larry Overstreet [R. Larry Overstreet, Professor of Homiletics, Grace Theological Seminary, Winona Lake, Indiana]
Cited
At the conclusion of 2 Peter 3:10 the United Bible Societies’ Greek text gives the word εὑρεθήσεται, a future passive indicative of the verb εὑρίσκω, meaning, in general terms, “to find.” The verb has various shades of meaning, such as, “to find after seeking,” “to find without seeking,” or “to obtain.”2 However, for the present discussion the meaning “to find” is sufficient. The word in the text would thus be translated “shall be found.” Although some dissenting opinion can be found, most modern textual critics would regard this reading as having the strongest manuscript support.
Metzger comments that this reading is the “oldest reading, and the one which best explains the origin of the others that have been preserved….”3 BSac 137:548 (Oct 80) p. 355 Several variant readings must be noticed and examined before a conclusion can be drawn regarding the text. One of these is a major variation involving the substitution of another word with a complete change of thought while the others are minor variations in comparison with the first.
The Variant Readings
The major variation is the substitution of κατακαήσεται for εὑρεθήσεται. The translation would then read, “the earth and the works that are therein shall be burned up,” as κατακαίω means “to burn up.”...4
End citations
The Orthodox Study Bible uses 'will be burned up', from its 2 Peter 3 text. (566).
There is a theological, cosmological debate on whether or not, biblically, the universe and earth will be destroyed, but restored, or will it be destroyed and then created new, out of nothing (ex nihilo). The use of εὑρεθήσεται may better support interpretations of restoration. While κατακαήσεται may lead to interpretations of a completely new creation.
However, David F. Payne in his 2 Peter commentary opines that everything on the earth will be 'laid bare'. He reasons that (κατακαήσεται) is quite possibly more correct within the original text and that the interpretation of the Greek word as 'laid bare' is more accurate than stating everything will be 'burned up'. (1569). This interpretation could lead to the theology of eschatological restoration as opposed to eschatological recreation, and would be in theological agreement with the use of the term εὑρεθήσεται from older manuscripts at 2 Peter 3: 10. Image: Payne page 1569.
BARCLAY, WILLIAM (1976) The Letters of James and Peter, Philadelphia, The Westminster Press.
COURSON, JON (2005) Application Commentary, Thomas Nelson, Nashville.
GRENZ, STANLEY J. DAVID GURETZKI and CHERITH FEE NORDLING (1999) Pocket Dictionary of Theological Terms, Downers Grove, Ill., InterVarsity Press.
HOCKING, DAVID (2014) The Book of Revelation, Tustin, California, HFT Publications
PAYNE. DAVID F.(1986) ‘2 Peter’, in F.F. Bruce, (ed.), The International Bible Commentary, Grand Rapids, Marshall Pickering/Zondervan.
MARSHALL, ALFRED (1975)(1996) The Interlinear KJV-NIV, Grand Rapids, Zondervan.
MOUNCE, ROBERT H. (1990) The Book of Revelation, Grand Rapids, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
The Greek New Testament (1993) Stuttgart, United Bible Societies.
The Orthodox Study Bible, New Testament and Psalms (1993) Saint Athanasius Orthodox Academy, Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee.
THIESSEN, HENRY C. (1956) Introductory Lectures in Systematic Theology, Grand Rapids, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
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