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LANGER, SUSANNE K (1953)(1967) An Introduction to Symbolic Logic, Dover Publications, New York.
Cited
'...a given symbol equals by interpretation a certain term or relation. (58).
Interpretation is abbreviated as 'int'. (58)
Glossary
Note my keyboard does not have the correct symbols in order for me to copy Philosopher Langer's glossary exactly. Where I am using an approximate symbol, it will be noted with *
This also allows an example of symbolic logic...
"=" =int "identical with"
"e" =int "membership in the class"*
"C" =int "entailment"*
"E!"=int "there exists" (58).
Therefore:
Howard James Bartel=Pope Chucklins=Saint Chuckles=Chucky
Batman e superhero
To sleep C to dream (57).
To eat C to digest.
Langer's example is:
E! God (57).
E! Donald John Trump
E! Justin Pierre James Trudeau
Langer warns:
'The assignment of arbitrary meanings to signs with traditionally established uses should be avoided. That is to say, one should not use = to mean chess playing...' (59).
The = symbol having similar traditional uses in philosophy, mathematics and science, therefore it would be reasonable for clarity to use = in its traditional context within symbolic logic. Certain symbols are 'generally used within those connotations.' (59).
Professor Langer (December 20, 1895 – July 17, 1985) Wikipedia, is a clear and concise philosophy presenter in regard to material presented in the text.
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