BBC: Unstoppable bacteria?

Yesterday: The traffic was not unstoppable.

Edited today

BBC July 7 2017

Author: James Gallagher

Cited

'Oral sex is producing dangerous gonorrhoea and a decline in condom use is helping it to spread, the World Health Organization has said.

It warns that if someone contracts gonorrhoea, it is now much harder to treat, and in some cases impossible.

The sexually transmitted infection is rapidly developing resistance to antibiotics. Experts said the situation was "fairly grim" with few new drugs on the horizon. About 78 million people pick up the STI each year and it can cause infertility.'

Cited

 '..."Gonorrhoea is a very smart bug, every time you introduce a new class of antibiotics to treat gonorrhoea, the bug becomes resistant."'

Cited

'"These cases may just be the tip of the iceberg,"...'

Cited

'"When you use antibiotics to treat infections like a normal sore throat, this mixes with the Neisseria species in your throat and this results in resistance." Thrusting gonorrhoea bacteria into this environment through oral sex can lead to super-gonorrhoea.'

Cited

'The disease is caused by the bacterium called Neisseria gonorrhoea. The infection is spread by unprotected vaginal, oral and anal sex.'

Cited

'But ultimately, the WHO said vaccines would be needed to stop gonorrhoea.'

End selected citations

Articles on the subject of sexually transmitted diseases have philosophical, theological and worldview considerations. Not to claim moral perfection, whatsoever, within a Christian worldview. But, following a marriage or celibacy morality and ethic, although it does not guarantee mental purity (Matthew 5), it does keep one from many of the results of fornication, including sexually transmitted diseases.

From 1 Corinthians 6:18, Gordon Fee comments that the Apostle Paul argues for the Christian believer to 'flee from pornia' (260). The footnote further explains that feugete (pornia) is in the present imperative implying that one is to 'keep running from'. (260). The Greek root word from Bible Hub is πορνεία, meaning fornication. Another commentator, Marsh, writes that this is too powerful to be opposed safely and needs to be approached with the attitude of flight. Sexual sin effects the body in a particularly negative way. (1360).

It seems to me that the more fornication occurs, at least in many cases, the more difficult it is to resist as one's already fallen and corrupted nature (Genesis, Romans) further embraces the pleasure associated with this sin. Another possible result, in a minority of persons, is eventually viewing fornication as futile and at least somewhat, setting sexuality aside.

Fornication is sin (1 Corinthians 6) and celibacy does not suit most people (1 Corinthians 7), but modern western society and many within the modern Christian church negate biblical marriage via social norms, at least for a time. Although, based on 1 Corinthians, I am neither the unrepentant, defiant fornicator, nor the joyful, obedient, content, celibate, many of the attitudes within the church on dating and marriage, definitely and definitively tarnish my own views of dating and marriage. I am in dialogue with somewhat interested women daily, but these worldview stances noted, very much limit a reasonable pool of candidates for dating and potential marriage.

Embracing fornication and the risk of sexually transmitted diseases is not a good, philosophical, theological worldview, approach and neither is celibacy without contentment. This is yet another aspect of problems of evil.

Biblehum.com

FEE, GORDON D. (1987) The First Epistle To The Corinthians, Grand Rapids, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.

MARSH, PAUL, W. (1986) ‘1 Corinthians’, in F.F. Bruce, (ed.), The International Bible Commentary, Grand Rapids, Marshall Pickering/Zondervan.

Positive conclusion from negative premise/Transphobia?

Today

PIRIE, MADSEN (2006)(2015) How To Win Every Argument, Bloomsbury, London.

A more technical example in this entry. This would be an easy mistake to technically make.

Positive conclusion from negative premise

'An argument which draws a conclusion from two premises is not allowed to have two negative premises, but it is allowed one, provided the conclusion is also negative. A fallacy is committed whenever a positive conclusion follows from two premises which include a negative one.'

The example from the text:

'Some cats are not stupid, and all cats are animals, so some animals are stupid.' (167).

The first two premises have a different relationship with the conclusion. They are of a different class. (167). It would be better written that 'some cats are stupid'.

Non-fallacious

Some cats are stupid
All cats are animals
So, some animals are stupid

Based on Pirie's example:

Non-fallacious

Some dogs are crazy
All dogs are creatures
Therefore, some creatures are crazy

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Today on Tucker Carlson Tonight, this story was mentioned:

The Blaze: Dave Urbanski Jul 3, 2017

'Transgender activist: Straight men should ‘work through’ non-attraction to transgender women' 

'Seems it’s not enough for transgenders to merely push for acceptance and force laws to change so they can use bathrooms that correspond to whatever gender they identify with. Hitting deeper, the new push has been to get people to speak transgenders’ preferred pronouns in conversations — or suffer shaming and backlash. What could possibly be next, you might ask?

Well, one transgender activist insists that straight men who don’t desire transgender women simply have an issue they “should try to work through.'

End citations

'Transphobia'? Not in my case. It is not fear, but rather a different worldview. This is the same with homophobia.

I can accept that secular Western society and governments embrace the transgender movement. I can love my neighbour as self (Matthew 22, Mark 12). Many of my neighbours will have worldviews other than Christian. Yet, I  can insist in my religious liberty, my intellectual liberty, my rights to date and marry a Christian woman, in biblical standards or to stay single.

I have been open to intellectual challenges of various types on this website, but the other must be open to my critique.
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Today on Twitter, my first celebrity followed me. As in someone that is referenced with a Wikipedia entry.

July 4th

Istockphoto.com

LANGER, SUSANNE K (1953)(1967) An Introduction to Symbolic Logic, Dover Publications, New York.

The Langer philosophy text review, continues.

Some key symbols from the textbook:

≡df = Equivalence by definition
: = Equal (s)
ε = Epsilon and means is
⊃ = Is the same as
⊨ is Entails
˜ = Not
∃ = There exists
∃! = There exists
∴ = Therefore
· = Therefore
< = Is included
v = a logical inclusive disjunction (disjunction is the relationship between two distinct alternatives).

Ironically, this July 4 entry features a United States of America example, from philosopher Langer. A 'happy accident' as the late Bob Ross would state.

This is class A: Born of American parents, these children may be foreign born, or American born, but they are born of American parents. (141)

This is class B: These children are born of foreign or American parents, but the children were born in the United States of America. (141).

Langer denotes a third class, not called class C, which is a class of native born American born of American parents or born on American soil. (141).

Langer explains that native born Americans belong to class A or class B or both. (141). The class of native born Americans by the use of Langer's symbolic logic is

A + B

It is disjunction, or the sum, of class A and class B. (141). This being children born of American parents and children born on American soil. (141).

Therefore:

A v B : B v A

Class A is class B is true, equals Class B is class A is true

A v B ⊃ B v A

Class A is class B is true, is the same as Class B is class A is true

A v B ⊨ B v A

Class A is class B is true, entails Class B is class A is true
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A common website theme:

Humanity has fallen and is universally, sinfully corrupt. The only means of salvation for the individual or nations is in the applied atoning and resurrection work of Jesus Christ through the trinitarian God. This is in biblical terms, being legally justified and saved by grace through faith, for good works, not by good works. (see Romans, Galatians, Ephesians, James). Or in Reformed theology language, justified and saved by grace, alone, through faith, alone.

Ephesians 2: 8-10  New American Standard Bible

8 For by grace you have been saved through faith; and [h]that not of yourselves, it is the gift of God; 9 not as a result of works, so that no one may boast. 10 For we are His workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand so that we would walk in them.

Each nation and person is corrupted by sin, but even so, there are benefits to living in Western, democratic nations.

This July 1: Canada Day and July 4, Independence Day, period, I will write that philosophically and politically, I am blessed and glad to be associated with these nations such as Canada and the United Kingdom, through citizenship, and the United States, culturally. At least these three nations provide significant freedom of religion, speech and expression for their citizens and residents.

In Three Minutes: Thank you universe?

Today

Oxford Dictionary of Science, (2010), Sixth Edition, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Early Universe 

The study of cosmology at the time very soon after the big bang. (261).

The Big Bang Theory

The theory suggests that the universe originated as a minute but as a very hot body and that the temperature has been falling as the universe continues to expand. (86-87).

The universe is all matter, energy and space that exists. (847).

Thoughtco.com by Andrew Zimmerman Jones: Updated September 30, 2016

'Matter has many definitions, but the most common is that it is any substance which has mass and occupies space. All physical objects are composed of matter, in the form of atoms, which are in turn composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.'

Thoughtco.com by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.: Updated April 11, 2017

'There are many possible definitions for matter. In science, matter is the term for any type of material. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. At a minimum, matter requires at least one subatomic particle, although most matter consists of atoms. The word "matter" is sometimes used to refer to a pure substance.'

Energy is a system's ability to do work. (289).

According to modern science, the universe is finite. This is indicated even when/if science will not use the term 'finite'. According to my Reformed, biblical theology and philosophy of religion view, God is infinite. This is not an original view of mine, this is historical New Testament theology.

Therefore, the universe should not be acknowledged as the primary source of existence; God/the first cause should be acknowledged as the primary source of existence.

In three minutes, I very briefly, elaborate.

Yesterday