Dietrich Bonhoeffer (Short PhD Edit)

Loebau, Germany-trekearth

Munich, Germany-trekearth

Miltenberg-Germany-trekearth

PhD work from Wales where I cited famous German theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906-1945), who had some useful quotes for my work in regard to the problem of suffering.

Happy New Year

Holy Spirit

Lutheran Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1937)(1963) explains the Holy Spirit brings Christ to each and every member of the Church and Christ has a presence in the Church through the Holy Spirit.[1]  The Spirit creates fellowship,[2] and God lives through his people.[3]  This would be in agreement with traditional Christian and Reformed views.

Suffering and Compassion

He writes that suffering and rejection sum up the cross of Christ.[4]  This was part of God’s essential plan.[5]  God’s compassion for humanity suffering under the problem of evil is shown as God incarnate Jesus Christ, suffers for the sins of humankind as the crucified God.[6]  God is not uncaring as God the Son was placed within the problem of evil in order to overcome it.[7]  The non-empirical nature of the theological divine compassion concept,[8] would be met disagreeably by many atheists.[9]  They could argue that it would be difficult to show God has compassion for persons since he cannot be shown to be empirically doing anything for humanity.[10]  Bonhoeffer deduces that Christ transforms the mortal agony of his martyrs by granting them peace in his assured presence.[11]  This type of sacrifice, to Bonhoeffer, is how those who follow Christ overcome suffering as Christ did.[12]  He writes suffering, along with rejection ‘sum up the whole cross of Jesus’ as he died on the cross, Christ faced human rejection.[13] 

BONHOEFFER, DIETRICH (1931)(1996) Act and Being, Translated from the German Edition, Hans-Richard Reuter (ed.), English Edition, Wayne Whitson Floyd, Jr., (ed.), Translated by H. Martin Rumscheidt, Fortress Press, Minneapolis.

BONHOEFFER, DIETRICH (1937)(1963) The Cost of Discipleship, Collier Books, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.

FLEW, ANTONY (1955) ‘Divine Omnipotence and Human Freedom’, in Antony Flew and A. MacIntrye (eds.), New Essays in Philosophical Theology, London, SCM, in Paul Edwards and Arthur Pap (eds.), A Modern Introduction To Philosophy, New York, The Free Press.

FLEW, ANTONY (1955) ‘Theology and Falsification’, in Antony Flew and A. MacIntrye (eds.), New Essays in Philosophical Theology, London, SCM, in Paul Edwards and Arthur Pap (eds.), A Modern Introduction To Philosophy, New York, The Free Press.

FLEW, ANTONY (1983)(1996) ‘The Falsification Challenge’, in Antony Flew and A. MacIntrye (eds.), New Essays in Philosophical Theology, in Michael Peterson, William Hasker, Bruce Reichenbach, and David Basinger (eds.), Philosophy of Religion, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

FLEW, ANTONY, R.M. HARE, AND BASIL MITCHELL (1996) ‘The Debate on the Rationality of Religious Belief’, in L.P. Pojman (ed.), Philosophy, The Quest for Truth, New York, Wadsworth Publishing Company.

FLEW, ANTONY AND A.MACINTRYE (1999) ‘Philosophy of Religion’, in Alan Richardson and John Bowden (eds.), A New Dictionary of Christian Theology, Kent, SCM Press Ltd.

MOLTMANN, JÜRGEN (1993) The Crucified God, Minneapolis, Fortress Press.

MOLTMANN, JÜRGEN (1999) ‘Perseverance’, in Alan Richardson and John Bowden (eds.), New Dictionary of Christian Theology, Kent, SCM Press Ltd.

VAN DER VEN, JOHANNES (1993) Practical Theology, Translated by Barbara Schultz, AC Kampen, Netherlands, Kok Pharos Publishing House.

VAN DER VEN, JOHANNES (1998) God Reinvented?, Leiden, Brill.

VAN DER VEN, JOHANNES (2005) ‘Theodicy Items and Scheme’, in a personal email from Johannes van der Ven, Nijmegen, Radboud University, Nijmegen.

VAN DER VEN, JOHANNES (2006a) ‘Dates of Nijmegen authors’, in a personal email from Johannes van der Ven, Nijmegen, Radboud University, Nijmegen.

VAN DER VEN, JOHANNES (2006b) ‘Symbols versus Models’, in a personal email from Johannes van der Ven, Nijmegen, Radboud University, Nijmegen.

VAN DER VEN, JOHANNES, PAUL VERMEER, AND ERIC VOSSEN (1996) ‘Learning Theodicy’, in Journal of Empirical Theology, Volume 9, pp. 67-85. Kampen, The Netherlands, Journal of Empirical Theology.

VAN DER VEN, JOHANNES AND ERIC VOSSEN (1996) Suffering: Why for God’s Sake? Grand Rapids, Eerdmans. 

---

[1] Bonhoeffer (1937)(1963: 272).

[2] Bonhoeffer (1937)(1963: 272).

[3] Bonhoeffer (1937)(1963: 272).

[4] Bonhoeffer (1937)(1963: 96).

[5] Bonhoeffer (1937)(1963: 96).

[6] Moltmann (1993: 200-274).  Bonhoeffer (1937)(1963: 96).

[7] Moltmann (1993: 200-274).  Bonhoeffer (1937)(1963: 96).

[8] van der Ven (1993: 174).

[9] Flew (1983)(1996: 92).

[10] Flew (1983)(1996: 92).

[11] Bonhoeffer (1937)(1963: 101).

[12] Bonhoeffer (1937)(1963: 101).

[13] Bonhoeffer (1937)(1963: 96).

Good scholarship goes a long way...even when some do not like it

Colmar, France-Facebook

Walking late at night.

Good scholarship goes a long way...even when some do not like it.

On what Dr. Michael Brown (Deleted video on You Tube) stated:

Matthew 5: Sexual morals of the Torah are taken to a higher level.

From my Matthew 5 post

Matthew 5: 27-30

English Standard Version 27 “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall not commit adultery.’ 28 But I say to you that everyone who looks at a woman with lustful intent has already committed adultery with her in his heart. 29 If your right eye causes you to sin, tear it out and throw it away. For it is better that you lose one of your members than that your whole body be thrown into hell. 30 And if your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. For it is better that you lose one of your members than that your whole body go into hell.

France reasons the seventh commandment does not exist to prohibit a natural sexual attraction (p.121) but rather the desire for 'an illicit relationship'. France (1985: 121). ἐπιθυμῆσαι (to desire) from verse 28.

From Marshall.

28 ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι πᾶς ὁ βλέπων γυναῖκα πρὸς τὸ ἐπιθυμῆσαι αὐτὴν ἤδη ἐμοίχευσεν

But I tell you that everyone seeing a woman with a view to desire (her) already committed adultery with αὐτὴν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ. her in the heart of him. France explains Jesus equates such a lustful attitude with 'implicit theft' (p. 121). If Jesus was more so concentrating on the greater sin of adultery as opposed to the lessor sin of fornication (where no married person is concerned) he was still in no way condoning the lessor sin. Ellison (1986: 1124: 1125).

Jesus Christ was using metaphorical, figurative language concerning the eye and the hand in this context. France (1985: 121: 122). One eye and one hand should be metaphorically, figuratively eliminated from the human body if this led to the end of lust. France (1985: 121: 122). This 'self-mutilation is not to be taken literally' (p. 122). The key here is an avoidance of temptation that will involve sacrifice, a changing philosophy, thought pattern and habits.

As the Biblical model from Genesis 2 is heterosexual marriage, any sexual activity outside of that would be adultery or fornication.

Dr. Brown is correct.

Matthew 15:15-20 New American Standard Version

15 Peter [f]said to Him, “Explain the parable to us.” 16 [g]Jesus said, “Are you still lacking in understanding also? 17 Do you not understand that everything that goes into the mouth passes into the stomach, and is [h]eliminated? 18 But the things that proceed out of the mouth come from the heart, and those defile the man. 19 For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, [i]fornications, thefts, false witness, slanders. 20 These are the things which defile the man; but to eat with unwashed hands does not defile the man.”

Therefore, adultery and fornication defiles.

Dr. Brown is correct.

Matthew 19: 1-9 New American Standard Version

19 When Jesus had finished these words, He departed from Galilee and came into the region of Judea beyond the Jordan; 2 and [a]large crowds followed Him, and He healed them there. 3 Some Pharisees came to [b]Jesus, testing Him and asking, “Is it lawful for a man to [c]divorce his wife for any reason at all?” 4 And He answered and said, “Have you not read that He who created them from the beginning made them male and female, 5 and said, ‘For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh’? 6 So they are no longer two, but one flesh. What therefore God has joined together, let no man separate.” 7 They *said to Him, “Why then did Moses command to give her a certificate of divorce and send her away?” 8 He *said to them, “Because of your hardness of heart Moses permitted you to [d]divorce your wives; but from the beginning it has not been this way. 9 And I say to you, whoever [e]divorces his wife, except for [f]immorality, and marries another woman [g]commits adultery[h].” 

Marriage is stated to be male and female by Jesus Christ. To divorce a wife, except for immorality means one commits adultery.

Again implying all other sexual acts including same-sex would be adultery or fornication.

Dr. Brown is correct.

Loving one's neighbour from Matthew 22, and Mark 12 definitely does not constitute approval of the views, morals and actions of another. Rather it is a respectful love, respectful love of the humanity of the person made in the image of God, Genesis 1: 27.

Dr. Brown is correct.

Leviticus 18

Leviticus 18:22

New American Standard Version 22

You shall not lie with a male as [a]one lies with a female; it is an abomination. Even as the Bible is not flat, as discussed on this blog, the old Covenant being replaced by the new.

Hebrews 12: 24

New American Standard Version

24 and to Jesus, the mediator of a new covenant, and to the sprinkled blood, which speaks better than the blood of Abel.

Hebrews 8: 6-7

6 But now He has obtained a more excellent ministry, by as much as He is also the mediator of a better covenant, which has been enacted on better promises. 7 For if that first covenant had been faultless, there would have been no occasion sought for a second.

Luke 22: 20 20

And in the same way He took the cup after they had eaten, saying, “This cup which is poured out for you is the new covenant in My blood."

The old covenant and its ceremonial laws have been abandoned in the new covenant. The atoning work of Christ replacing animal sacrifice. However, the moral aspects of the law continue. This makes sense of Jesus' statement that he did not come to abolish the law, but to fulfill it (Matthew 5: 17)

Dr. Brown is correct.

Mr. Hill, a political commentator according to the video, instead of humbling himself and stating that Biblical Studies is not his field, politics is, attempts to debate someone that is an expert in the field of the Hebrew Bible and Old Testament.

Even apart from the topic discussed the issue of a disrespect for Religious Studies as an academic pursuit is once again demonstrated in Western society.

As if a political commentator with some reading from perhaps some scholarly sources thinks he is going to debate this well-known scholar and correct him of his errors; because it is socially proper.

Do you think the same thing would be done with a scientist?

Not nearly as likely.

There is the problem of a disrespect of Religious Studies scholarship as a serious academic pursuit which is philosophically connected to the over-subjectivity of religious issues. As in if religious views are overly subjective and personalized, therefore more objective focused academic scholarship is questionable and can be dismissed when it disagrees with these subjective, personalized views.

ELLISON, H.L. (1986) ‘Matthew’, in F.F. Bruce (ed.), The International Bible Commentary, Grand Rapids, Zondervan.

FRANCE, R.T. (1985) Matthew, Grand Rapids, IVP, Eerdmans.

MARSHALL, ALFRED (1975)(1996) The Interlinear KJV-NIV, Grand Rapids, Zondervan.

Augustine: Brief on Atonement & Resurrection (PhD Edit)

Google Images/Beadwright 

Merry Christmas

Christmas and Christmas season, is not theologically about celebrating the literal calendar day of the birth of Christ. As in celebrating a friend or family member's birthday.

Rather similarly, as with Easter and the death of Christ, Christmas is celebrating the birth of Christ because of his atoning work and resurrection associated with his Gospel ministry and first advent.

A second advent to culminate the Gospel work and leading to the resurrection of believers (1 Corinthians 15) and the New Heaven and New Earth (Revelation 21-22). There is also judgement for humanity in and out of Christ (Revelation 20, 2 Corinthians 5).

Augustine notes that in Adam’s first sin all of humanity died. Augustine deduces Adam, who he believed was the first man as a Biblical position, sinned and therefore the fall took place that corrupted humanity and enslaved all of Adam’s biological descendents to sin. Augustine (398-399)(1992: 197). He describes a literal fall and corruption of humanity that led to the literal problem of evil. Augustine (426)(1958: 254-255).

This connects to Romans 5, as Christ is the second and last Adam.

Augustine assumed God to be perfectly good and that everything God created, including the nature of rational beings, to be perfectly good in origin. It was Augustine’s belief that due to wrong choices made by humanity the race was fallen. Augustine (388-395)(1964: 3, 116-117).

There is a debate on whether Augustine was an incompatibilist or a compatibilist. I reason he seems unclear in his writings, but to be fair he does not translate well. He probably should be in the incompatibilist camp as even though he supports a strong view of the sovereignty of God, he still holds to libertarian free will of a sort.

I would add to his statement, 'It was Augustine’s belief that due to wrong choices made by humanity the race was fallen.' As God is the first cause Biblically and theologically (Genesis 1) and can be reasoned from a theistic perspective to be the first cause philosophically, God caused the fall as well. Not as in force or coercion of Adam and Eve, but in willing it to take place. This is so even if he as sovereign, infinite and omnipotent merely allows the fall.

And I reason his involvement was far more than simply allowing.

He was committed to the course of action as the Gospel was eternally intended as the remedy. The atoning and resurrection work of Christ.

Augustine understood humanity as losing its dominion over creation, and that dominion has been awarded substantially to Satan who he calls the prince of this world. Augustine (388-395)(1964: 111). Augustine thought if God had created creatures that only did right actions, then these creatures would not have the option to commit wrong actions against God’s will. Thus their obedience to God would be meaningless and not truly righteous or, to Augustine, worthy of membership in the Kingdom of God. Augustine (388-395)(1964: 36).

I reason God could create significantly free physical creatures that would worship God and not fall.

The angels that did not fall I reason are significantly free and worship God, yet are immaterial.

If God can create immaterial as such, he can material.

Why did God will humanity to take the course of the fall? As I just noted, the atoning and resurrection work of Christ was intended as remedy and this was the sort of humanity he want to develop, or even evolve in a theological sense.

Person's with a mature, experienced knowledge of evil, suffering and salvation.

Augustine viewed the atoning work of Christ as a means by which humanity can be brought back to a proper relationship with God. Augustine (398-399)(1992: 178). Christ would mediate humanity back to God. Augustine (398-399)(1992: 219). He reasoned the resurrection would save believers from everlasting death. Augustine (400-416)(1987)(2004: Book 4: Chapter 13: 11).

Christmas season and the atoning and resurrection work of Christ is therefore more of a spiritual, objective celebration of theological truths, spiritual truths. There is not a guarantee of a happy Christmas time or life, or a significantly fulfilling life, as it is a fallen world, but there is the triune God to pray to even in times of suffering.

AUGUSTINE (388-395)(1964) On Free Choice of the Will, Translated by Anna S.Benjamin and L.H. Hackstaff, Upper Saddle River, N.J., Prentice Hall.

AUGUSTINE (398-399)(1992) Confessions, Translated by Henry Chadwick, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

AUGUSTINE (400-416)(1987)(2004) On the Trinity, Translated by Reverend Arthur West Haddan, in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series One, Volume 3, Denver, The Catholic Encyclopedia. http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/130104.htm

AUGUSTINE (421)(1998) Enchiridion, Translated by J.F. Shaw, Denver, The Catholic Encyclopedia. http://www.knight.org/advent

AUGUSTINE (426)(1958) The City of God, Translated by Gerald G. Walsh, Garden City, New York, Image Books. AUGUSTINE (427)(1997) On Christian Doctrine, Translated by D.W. Robertson Jr., Upper Saddle River, N.J., Prentice Hall.

AUGUSTINE (427b)(1997) On Christian Teaching, Translated by R.P.H. Green, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Happy little tree, not enough for a huge family,
but sufficient for our condo.

Lake Geneva-Earth The Incredible Planet

I just found this in my mailbox. The only item that did not go directly into the trash mail bin our complex features. I post this as Hon's I assume has excellent food, is in Coquitlam and is claiming free delivery for those of us in Maple Ridge,
which is a thirty-minute drive away in decent traffic. Maybe twenty minutes at a good time.  I can just hear the (fictional) guarantee in a Chinese accent: 'We guarantee your order in fifteen minutes or free!'  Call me skeptical about the free delivery to Maple Ditch... Marketing error? I can see easily waiting an hour for delivery.

Brief On Bigotry

Earth The Incredible Planet

Burma-Awesome Photos

Earth The Incredible Planet

Neither my Oxford or Cambridge philosophy texts had a formal philosophical definition of bigotry, bigot and related.

However, I reason the 'The Concise Oxford Dictionary' will suffice here.

Bigot: An obstinate and intolerant believer in a religion, political theory etc., bigotry from the 16th c French, origin unknown.

Bigoted: Unreasonably prejudiced and intolerant. Oxford (1995: 125).

Bigotry in philosophical terms then would be a stubborn and intolerant belief in a certain philosophy and worldview and an unreasonable rejection of and opposition to a different, religion, political view, philosophy and worldview.

If one can hold to a religion and/or philosophy without being stubborn and intolerant of evidence and potential facts from for example, theology, philosophy and science that may or may not oppose and contradict his/her views, it is not bigotry.

A key is a reasonably objective evaluation, even if an emotionally charged view is held.

An overly-emotionally charged position can lead to a very subjective view, lacking objectivity.

It can lead to a hateful view.

Therefore, intellectual and philosophical disagreement with a different philosophy and worldview is not necessarily bigotry.

Concise Oxford Dictionary (1995), Oxford, Clarendon Press.