Tuesday, August 28, 2018

Act 13: Prophets versus Teachers (Briefly)

Visit Portugal: Lisbon

COURSON, JON (2005) Application Commentary, Thomas Nelson, Nashville.

Acts 13

New American Standard Bible

13 Now there were at Antioch, in the church that was there, prophets and teachers: Barnabas, and Simeon who was called Niger, and Lucius of Cyrene, and Manaen who had been brought up with Herod the tetrarch, and Saul. 2 While they were ministering to the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, “Set apart for Me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.” 3 Then, when they had fasted and prayed and laid their hands on them, they sent them away.

I have been listening to Pastor's Courson's recent sermon series on Acts...

In his parallel commentary series, Pastor Courson opines from 13: 1 that there was clearly a distinction in this text between prophets and teachers. (717).

Prophets: Those who under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, guide the Church as they 'speak the heart of God through edification, exhortation, and comfort.' (717).

Teachers: These are those that 'ground the church as they point out the ways and mind of God revealed through the Word.' (717).

Pastor Courson reasons that certain denominations make prophets and teachers one and the same thing, but that actually from Acts 13 there is a quote 'clear-cut distinction.' (717).

John Calvin in his Acts commentary writes that in Acts 13: 1 the terms for prophets and teachers 'may be synonymous.' (207). These contrasted from the differences between prophets and teachers in Ephesians 4:11 and 1 Corinthians 12: 28. (207).

Ephesians 4: 11

New American Standard Bible

11 And He gave some as apostles, and some as prophets, and some as evangelists, and some as pastors and teachers, 12 for the equipping of the [a]saints for the work of service, to the building up of the body of Christ; 13 until we all attain to the unity of the faith, and of the [b]knowledge of the Son of God, to a mature man, to the measure of the stature [c]which belongs to the fullness of Christ. Footnotes:

a Ephesians 4:12 Or holy ones
b Ephesians 4:13 Or true knowledge
c Ephesians 4:13 Lit of the fullness

1 Corinthians 12:28

New American Standard Bible (NASB)

28 And God has [a]appointed in the church, first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then [b]miracles, then gifts of healings, helps, administrations, various kinds of tongues.

Footnotes:

a 1 Corinthians 12:28 Lit set some in
b 1 Corinthians 12:28 Or works of power

Calvin reasons that in Acts 13, the prophets are not foretellers of the future, but are instead 'outstanding interpreters of  Scripture.' (207). He explains that is his opinion these types of prophets could also teach and exhort via 1 Corinthians 14: 37.

1 Corinthians 14:37 New American Standard Bible (NASB)

37 If anyone thinks he is a prophet or spiritual, let him recognize that the things which I write to you are the Lord’s commandment.

I favour, non-dogmatically, Calvin's interpretation here. Prophets can reasonably be expected to add commentary on what he/she prophecies at times.

A teacher on the other hand, may not at all prophecy.

I myself, am in the teacher (paid professional) category and certainly do not see myself as a prophet, although I pray for insights by the Holy Spirit in regard to the past, present and future.

Bible Study Tools

1 Ἦσαν δὲ ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ κατὰ τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν προφῆται καὶ διδάσκαλοι ὅ τε Βαρναβᾶς καὶ Συμεὼν ὁ καλούμενος Νίγερ, καὶ Λούκιος ὁ Κυρηναῖος, Μαναήν τε Ἡρῴδου τοῦ τετραάρχου σύντροφος καὶ Σαῦλος.

προφῆται καὶ διδάσκαλοι
Prophets and teachers 

There is a linguistic distinction, but this does not exclude the possibility of some overlap in function.

CALVIN, JOHN (1552)(1995) Acts, Translated by Watermark, Nottingham, Crossway Books.

COURSON, JON (2005) Application Commentary, Thomas Nelson, Nashville.

Monday, August 27, 2018

Slippery slope argument and the ridiculous conclusion that amuses my friend

Today
Slippery slope argument and the ridiculous conclusion that amuses my friend

PIRIE, MADSEN (2006)(2015) How To Win Every Argument, Bloomsbury, London. 

Monday, August 27, 2018 article, which had been edited for an entry on academia.edu on August 18, 2022.

Revisiting the concept of the slippery slope from British philosopher, Pirie.

The fallacy assumes that a single step in a particular direction, inevitably means that the whole distance will be covered. (189).

But, the truth is, sometimes a single step leads to another and there are cases when it does not. (189).

I agree with Pirie where he reasons: 'There is a limited class of cases in which someone is doomed after a first step...' Stepping off a skyscraper being a good philosophical example. (189). Based on the author's example: (189). If we lower the legal drinking age from 21 to 18 years of age, soon there will be a call in society for the legal drinking age to be lowered to 16 years of age. This is unlikely as in the 21st Century, the standard age of adulthood is typically 18 years of age. Therefore, it is doubtful there would be societal calls for the legal age of drinking to be below 'universal' adulthood.

The fallacy fails to differentiate between far-reaching actions and limited actions. (190). The author opines that most proposals would lead to disaster if taken too far. My examples: If one smokes marijuana, it will lead to cocaine use. This is true at times, marijuana being documented as a gateway drug, but it is not always the case in every instance. As it is written it is fallacious. If one smokes marijuana, it may lead to cocaine use. Reasonable. (I have no interest in recreational drugs or in the abuse of pharmaceutical drugs.)

Blackburn reasons that a slippery slope occurs when arguments one has accepted against something, appear to equally apply against one's own position. (353). Perhaps one is forced into considering or accepting a position that one has no desire to accept. (353). But, holding to a certain position on an issue, does not mean that one would hold to an extreme position. Accepting a noise bylaw, would not mean I accept that we should all live in near silence.
---

A good friend and I laugh in regards to comments made from an online pastor in a sermon.

Paraphrased, the idea from the sermon was that the modern Christians trying to be cool, ends up in a slippery slope of degrading moral thoughts, acts and actions. A Christian trying to be cool and relatable to people in the world system, drinks alcohol a bit, gets a tattoo and smokes a little marijuana and soon is hooked on drugs, alcohol and fornication. In other words, the Christian wanting to be cool, ends up living in a very similar way to the non-believer.

To highlight Pirie's view of the slippery slope argument as fallacy, I added, much to the satirical, humourous enjoyment of my good friend, the premise that ultimately this can lead to 'orgies.'

The ridiculousness of this imagined, formulaic, chain of moral thoughts, acts and actions, demonstrates the fallacious nature of the idea of the slippery slope argument.

Being somewhat cool, in a social situation, may include the limited use of alcohol and most moderate drinkers do not end up alcoholics. It is not a slippery slope. It is not universal or even typical.

BLACKBURN, SIMON (1996) Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

CONWAY DAVID A. AND RONALD MUNSON (1997) The Elements of Reasoning, Wadsworth Publishing Company, New York.

COURSON, JON (2005) Application Commentary, Thomas Nelson, Nashville.

PIRIE, MADSEN (2006)(2015) How To Win Every Argument, Bloomsbury, London.

LANGER, SUSANNE K (1953)(1967) An Introduction to Symbolic Logic, Dover Publications, New York. (Philosophy). 

PAPINEAU, DAVID (Gen. Ed) (2016) Philosophy: Theories and Great Thinkers, New York, Shelter Harbour Press.

SAMPLES, KENNETH (2014) How to Evaluate an Abductive Argument, Reasons to Believe, Covina, California.

SZUDEK, ANDY & TORSLEY, SARAH (2018) The Little Book of Philosophy, Landau Cecile (Ed), London, DK Publishing.

WALTON, D.N. (1992) Slippery Slope Arguments, Clarendon Press.
https://www.logicallyfallacious.com/logicalfallacies/Slippery-Slope

Saturday, August 25, 2018

Letting God speak

Facebook: 2017

I am presenting a lecture/sermon at a local church tomorrow morning, as Regional Director, British Columbia and Yukon, for the Canadian Bible Society.

The following are lecture/sermon rough notes. I will add more content within the actual talk.

Should we let God speak? Letting God speak. 

Introductory remarks 

When I was emailed and asked to speak, I explained that I am new to the Canadian Bible Society; I began in March as the Regional Director for BC and Yukon. I am also not a trained Reverend, a trained pastor or preacher. My academic expertise from my PhD is philosophical theology, which is reasoning out theology from the bible and as well, philosophy of religion, which is reasoning out religious philosophy, from outside of the bible. These definitions are certainly non-exhaustive and are my take on them. But, I do have lecturing experience, offline and online. Besides, the National Director and CEO has stated I need to speak at churches. So here I am!

One of the main reasons the Society hired me back in March is because the volunteer British Columbia board and the National Office from Toronto both understood my absolute commitment to the bible, in context, as the word of God. This whether interpreting scripture and most of it as plain literal, or in some cases as figurative literal, symbolic or poetry. In my reasoning none of the biblical scripture is myth. None of the biblical scripture is fictional.

I actually grew up in the denomination of this church. But, I also had Reformed leanings at a very young age. My Mother has told me previously that when I was younger I blamed God for everything. I suppose, I still do in a sense, but I now have a much better understanding of God's sovereignty and human sinful nature and resulting sinful choices.

But, even at four years old taking Sunday school within this denomination, in a very limited way, I realized I needed to let God speak. God was all-powerful and infinite and human beings including myself and my parents, definitely were not. God was the source of life and humanity needed God.

By twelve years old, even without living in a distinctly Christian home, I publicly confessed Jesus Christ, as a biblical Christian. I studied apologetics books on the Mormons (Latter-Day Saints) and Jehovah’s Witnesses and learned much of the Scripture that way. I actually in my naivety started debating with some of the Jehovah’s Witnesses that would come to the door. If I would have been asked at the time…Should we let God speak? I would have thought yes.

So, when I talked to Jehovah’s Witnesses, I attempted to review the bible, God’s word, in context, and I found I could do well in the debates, and far more importantly grow in the truth of the gospel, by letting God speak through his word. Some groups, such as the Jehovah's Witnesses claimed to let God speak, but actually twisted God’s word, I found.

As a young adult, I went to bible school in Abbotsford and seminary and Christian University in Langley and I found that by letting God reveal self through Scripture that I did well, and grew in knowledge and faith. I gained peace in my worldview by letting God speak.

However, as I moved onto Manchester, England to work on a PhD, as the tutor that has accepted me was away for one year, I was left with two of his senior colleagues that clearly wanted me out of the academy.

The most senior tutor, a well-known philosopher of religion informed me that if I was going to earn a PhD in their academy, I could not believe and write that the biblical God existed in light of the problem of evil that also existed. If I kept presenting such views, I would not pass. In other words, I could not pass with a Reformed theodicy.

The academy did not allow me to let God speak. Thankfully, without receiving any kind of grade, from Manchester, by God’s grace I moved onto Wales and earned MPhil and PhD thesis only, degrees. Yes, I had to follow secular University standards to pass, but I was allowed to stay true to my attempt at following the Scripture in context and to let God speak.  I embedded my own solution to the problem of evil within my PhD thesis at Wales.

Working at the Canadian Bible Society allows me to dwell on what God actually states in Scripture through his inspired, prophets, apostles and scribes.

Main point 1 

There is manuscript support for biblical religious history

2 Timothy 3:16-17

New American Standard Bible (NASB)

16 All Scripture is [a]inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for [b]training in righteousness; 17 so that the man of God may be adequate, equipped for every good work.

I reason that even as the Church and scholarship does not have in existence the original biblical manuscripts, that there are still over 5, 000 New Testament Greek manuscripts in whole or in part. We have reasonable, valid copies of biblical, religious history. We have a reasonably described Hebrew Bible, story of creation, fall and the Old Testament covenant and law. In the New Testament we have the Trinity of God revealed and the atoning and resurrection work applied to those in Christ through his death and resurrection.

Therefore, we have a consistent theology, connected historically to the Hebrew Bible and New Testament and then the Church Fathers, the disciples of the disciples so to speak. Overall, even without having original manuscripts, the copies and the additional writings of the Church Fathers, mean that as religious history, God has indeed spoken through humanity.

Should we let God speak? Yes, because we have manuscript evidence.

Main point 2 

The Society has a Bible Intro pamphlet which explains biblical religious well in a short form.

This unlike my own online academic work which is unfortunately not always short, but I have to do what I have to do.

The Old Testament/The Hebrew Bible

This little book explains that the Bible is actually many books placed together to form a bible, From my research a canon, a rule, a standard and text. It starts with the Hebrew Bible, our Old Testament.

The first biblical text, Genesis, provides, an understanding that before the material world existed, God existed. This is in basic agreement with modern science that reasons there was a 'big bang' that created energy and matter. And as well space and time.

Via, Genesis, whether or not all of Genesis 1-3 is plain literal, and I rather presume some of it is figurative literal, but not myth, it can be reasoned that a non-material being, a first-cause, God existed before our finite, material universe and world.

If we allow God to speak through his Scripture, we are spiritually enlightened. We are not given a science lesson, but the science does make sense, does it not?  Allowing for science to evolve over time with further evidence.

The Bible Intro pamphlet then introduces the idea that within the Old Testament, there is biblical poetry. Poetry exists to show that even though in Genesis it describes a human fall from God into sin, God is still worthy of being praised. Not only is God, based on Genesis the infinite, eternal cause of all things, but he is also a personal entity that has care for his creation, especially those that have been made in his image and likeness (Genesis 1: 26-27). Psalms along with Proverbs and Ecclesiastes teaches divine wisdom for humanity and demonstrates God’s love. God speaks and provides human wisdom.

The Bible Intro text then explains the fall from Genesis 3. The original human beings were given freedom of choice, and there nature, although perfect was inexperienced and naive (this view an add on from PhD). Adam and Eve succumbed to temptation and the fall occurred. But God did not give up on his created humanity. In actuality, God the Son (slain from the foundation of the world: Revelation 13: 8, Ephesians 1: 4) and the triune God had planned and known that the fall would occur. God had known and planned for humanity as is, and yet did not force or coerce the fall of humanity. Noah, Abraham, Moses, the law and the other prophets were all connected to the future atoning and resurrection work of God the Son, that had been slain from the foundation of the world. But, we can only know about a fall, we can only know about God’s redemptive plans by letting the Scripture speak. Letting God speak…

Main point 3 

Most importantly, God speaks through this New Testament which presents God the Son as a fulfilment of the Old Testament prophecies and the law. Jesus demonstrated divine power through miracles and a supernatural connection to God the Father but most importantly his resurrection and the empty tomb demonstrates that his claim to atonement for sin (Mark 10) and the teaching of his apostles and scribes (Hebrews, Romans, Galatians, Ephesians, I John as examples) demonstrates that atonement was just as true and just as divinely inspired as was the resurrection.

Conclusion

Should we let God speak?

There is significant manuscript evidence which lets God speak.

The Hebrew Bible has God speaking through prophets and scribes. It presents creation, the fall and an initial, progressive plan for human salvation.

Through, scribes, apostles and associates that are disciples, God speaks through the atoning and resurrection work of Jesus Christ and plans for restored creation in Revelation 21-22.

Invitation to support our ministry:

God indeed loves humanity but insists that those that are under sin be covered by the atonement and changed to perfection in resurrection. We as a Christian Church need to be sensitive to social causes, human rights, but a reasonable, biblical approach, where God is allowed to speak allows for both God’s divine love and justice to be expressed in our theology, teaching and actions.

Bible Intro (2018), Canadian Bible Society, Toronto.

Monday, August 20, 2018

Biblical prophecy, Nostradamus, Joseph Smith


Salt Lake City, May 2018

Over the last few years I have listened to The Hal Lindsey Report, occasionally. I do not theologically embrace, dispensationalism, the rapture (instead I hold to, stand alone, the second coming/second advent) and I also am much less speculative in regard to eschatology (the last things).

But, the truth is that even those that present some significantly different theological views within the Church can at times, also provide significantly good, biblical insights.

That is the case with this video...

Presented

August 10, 2018

Originally

December 26, 2014

Mr. Lindsey lists some well-known Hebrew Bible prophecies which can legitimately and reasonably be connected to the first advent of Jesus Christ in the New Testament. This demonstrates the religious history of the life of Jesus Christ and his atoning and resurrection work that is applied to those in humanity, in Jesus Christ.

Mr. Lindsey interestingly contrasts reasonably biblical history and fulfilled prophecy (and to be fulfilled prophecy) with the very questionable prophecies of Nostradamus and the fairly obvious false prophecies of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints founder, Joseph Smith.

I share Mr. Lindsey's approach to (paraphrased) not 'pick-on' the Mormons, but instead contrast biblical prophecy with non-biblical prophecy in a not-heated way. This has nothing to do with friendship or not with Mormons.

MOUNCE, ROBERT H. (1990) The Book of Revelation, Grand Rapids, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.

Tour of LDS Temple, Langley, BC: April 2010

Saturday, August 18, 2018

A commuted sentence?

Sandy, Utah


The book review continues

LANGER, SUSANNE K (1953)(1967) An Introduction to Symbolic Logic, Dover Publications, New York. (Philosophy) 

Key symbols

≡df = Equivalence by definition
: = Equal (s)
ε = Epsilon and means is
⊃ = Is the same as
⊨ is Entails
˜ = Not
∃ = There exists
∃! = There exists
∴ = Therefore . = Therefore
< = Is included
v = a logical inclusive disjunction (disjunction is the relationship between two distinct alternatives).
x = variable = Conjunction meaning And 0
 = Null class
cls = Class
int = Interpretation
Langer, page 211. Symbolic logic has rules within which much be applied and understood by the presenter, in order for equations and arguments to make sense to the reader. There are rules of manipulation in place.
Langer, page 212. The author is establishing a law within symbolic logic by which a + b or b + a can as a sum be commuted, as in making the same result whether added or multiplied. Therefore, (a + b) or (b + a) can be expressed as (b x a) or (a x b).
Langer, page 212. Here addition and multiplication are being expressed through commutation, as equal, therefore, (a x b) + (a x c) is equated as (a x (b + c).
As confusing as this work from Langer can appear for me without prayerful consideration and serious concentration, I actually can make sense of this as I am learning.

Using

(a x b) + (a x c)

and then

(a x (b + c)

Consider

(3 x 3) + (3 x 3) equals 18

(3 x (3 + 3) equals 18

In earlier reviews, a, b, c were all equated.

Wednesday, August 15, 2018

Religion (Gospel) versus Religion (Sentimental) Brief PhD Edit

Hawaii: Facebook

From 

PhD, University of Wales, Trinity Saint David, Lampeter, 2010: Theodicy and Practical Theology 

Related work 

MPhil, Bangor University, 2003: The Problem of Evil: Anglican and Baptist Perspectives

The narrow way of Christian discipleship is restrictive, and requires a particular type of religious devotion taught further by Christ and his Apostles. There are many religions and religious persons in the world,[1] but the restrictive nature of Christ’s gospel requires God to enlighten persons to what Christian tradition understands as true religion, as opposed to human attempts at religion.[2] Within a sovereignty perspective, God will choose whom he wills to be present in his culminated Kingdom.[3]  Sentimentally,[4] universalism is definitely more personally humanly satisfying, but it appears that Jesus disagreed with Hick on universalism.[5]  Laurence E. Porter (1986) describes a scenario in Luke 13:24-28 where some religious persons are rejected by God.[6]  It is not a popular idea in much of today’s society and religious academia, but based on these texts, Jesus did not accept the theology that a sincere religious devotion alone would lead one to God’s presence in the culminated Kingdom of God.[7]  This is not my hope for any individual person, but it is the theology that these verses appear to teach.[8]  From a traditional Christian perspective,[9] some persons will never believe and follow the Biblical God.[10]

Cited

FRANCE, R.T. (2001) Matthew, Grand Rapids, Eerdmans.

GEIVETT, R. DOUGLAS (1993) Evil and the Evidence for God, Philadelphia, Temple University Press.

HICK, JOHN (1978) ‘Present and Future Life’, Harvard Theological Review, Volume 71, Number 1-2, January-April, Harvard University.

HICK, JOHN (1981) Encountering Evil, Stephen T. Davis (ed.), Atlanta, John Knox Press.

HICK, JOHN (1993) ‘Afterword’ in GEIVETT, R. DOUGLAS (1993) Evil and the Evidence for God, Philadelphia, Temple University Press.

HICK, JOHN (1993) The Metaphor of God Incarnate, Louisville, Kentucky, John Know Press.  

HICK, JOHN (1994) Death and Eternal Life, Louisville, Kentucky, John Knox Press.

HICK, JOHN (1999) ‘Life after Death’, in Alan Richardson and John Bowden (eds.), A New Dictionary of Christian Theology, Kent, SCM Press.

PORTER, L.E. (1986) Luke, in F.F. Bruce (gen.ed.), The International Bible Commentary, Grand Rapids, Marshall Pickering/ Zondervan.

WHALE, J.S. (1958) Christian Doctrine, Glasgow, Fontana Books. 



[1] Admittedly non-Christian worldviews can contain much truth.
[2] These attempts would fail not because there was no truth within the religious systems, but because Christ was not leading these religionists via the Holy Spirit.
[3] This idea is a key aspect of sovereignty theodicy, as God’s election of some is very important in the creator overcoming the problem of evil and ultimately culminating a Kingdom.
[4] I am not denying there are academic arguments made for universalism. I am stating that the idea of all persons rejecting sin and evil for God is more intellectually satisfying for most than the alternative.
[5] Hick (1970: 381).
[6] Porter (1986: 1211).
[7] Porter (1986: 1211).
[8] France (2001: 146).  Porter (1986: 1211).
[9] Including from a Reformed perspective.
[10] Whale (1958: 63).  Geivett (1993: 216).

Sunday, August 12, 2018

Islam and Liberty


The book review continues:

WALLACE TOM Jr. (2015) Refuting Islam, The Christian Patriots Guide to Exposing the Evils of Islam, Bellingham, Fundamental Publishers.

In Chapter 15 Islam is Anti-American, Mr. Wallace explains that Islam is submission to Allah and that the Muslim is to surrender. (113). The author reasons this is contrasted to American values of liberty. (113).

He opines that Islam cannot rule the world within a democratic system (113), and therefore democratic systems must be eliminated for Islam to rule. (113).

I will opine that where those within Islam, become part of a Western culture and submit to government authorities, then more moderate views and approaches within Islam can work within a Western nation and democratic political system.

In this book review so far, I documented that although both orthodox and radical forms of Islam hold to Jihad/Holy War, the orthodox interpretation is that Jihad is for defensive purposes. The Islamic Supreme Council of America states: Islamic Supreme Council of America:

WHAT JIHAD IS

'The Arabic word "jihad" is often translated as "holy war," but in a purely linguistic sense, the word " jihad" means struggling or striving.' 'In a religious sense, as described by the Quran and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (s), "jihad" has many meanings. It can refer to internal as well as external efforts to be a good Muslims or believer, as well as working to inform people about the faith of Islam.' 'If military jihad is required to protect the faith against others, it can be performed using anything from legal, diplomatic and economic to political means. If there is no peaceful alternative, Islam also allows the use of force, but there are strict rules of engagement. Innocents - such as women, children, or invalids - must never be harmed, and any peaceful overtures from the enemy must be accepted. Military action is therefore only one means of jihad, and is very rare.'


To highlight this point, the Prophet Mohammed told his followers returning from a military campaign: "This day we have returned from the minor jihad to the major jihad," which he said meant returning from armed battle to the peaceful battle for self-control and betterment. In case military action appears necessary, not everyone can declare jihad. The religious military campaign has to be declared by a proper authority, advised by scholars, who say the religion and people are under threat and violence is imperative to defend them. The concept of "just war" is very important. The concept of jihad has been hijacked by many political and religious groups over the ages in a bid to justify various forms of violence. In most cases, Islamic splinter groups invoked jihad to fight against the established Islamic order. Scholars say this misuse of jihad contradicts Islam. Examples of sanctioned military jihad include the Muslims' defensive battles against the Crusaders in medieval times, and before that some responses by Muslims against Byzantine and Persian attacks during the period of the early Islamic conquests. 

WHAT JIHAD IS NOT 

Jihad is not a violent concept. Jihad is not a declaration of war against other religions. It is worth noting that the Koran specifically refers to Jews and Christians as "people of the book" who should be protected and respected. All three faiths worship the same God. Allah is just the Arabic word for God, and is used by Christian Arabs as well as Muslims. Military action in the name of Islam has not been common in the history of Islam. Scholars says most calls for violent jihad are not sanctioned by Islam. Warfare in the name of God is not unique to Islam. Other faiths throughout the world have waged wars with religious justifications.

In regard to Jihad/Holy War from World Religions textbooks. Nigosian writes that this is 'combativeness'...or rather being engaged in combat against 'pagans' or opponents is called jihad, meaning holy war. (448). The goal is not primarily religious, as in conversion, but the goal is political control over societies. (448). In order to rule with the principles of Islam, in other words, Islamic law. Nigosian's definition allows for defensive Jihad, but also a more aggressive form of Jihad could also be interpreted here. To rule other societies by Islamic law is certainly beyond defensive Jihad.

Lewis M. Hopfe admits that one of the most controversial aspects of Islam is 'Jihad' (Holy War). Hopfe (1987: 419). Pagans he writes may have been forced to convert but Jews and Christians and others were free to worship and they chose. Hopfe (1987: 419). It is admitted by Hopfe that there is a Muslim doctrine that one must do battle for God. Hopfe (1987: 419). Hopfe's definition too could view Jihad as defensive, but also it aggressively protects the interests of the religion through military force. Force and coercion is beyond the scope of defensive Jihad.

I reason that because of this very faulty State/Religion government model, Jihad/Holy War can easily be at times interpreted and implemented with varied degrees of force and coercion. This has been done throughout the history of Islam. Critics have pointed out that much of the Qur'an has open-ended verses in regard to Jihad meaning that they are not necessarily restrained to an historical context. Radical forms of Jihad and aggressive martyrdom could be conceivably reasonably interpreted within today's Islam, for today's world. Mr. Wallace does have some reasonable concerns...

It can be reasoned that forms of Islam, Quranic Islam in context, and also those citing the Sunnah, that interpret Jihad/Holy War and martyrdom in a politically and theologically aggressive manner are indeed enemies of Western society. This based on radical Islamic worldviews which are against Western democratic society, the Christian Church, and other opposing worldviews, including those within Islam that show some significant moderation. This type of Islam violently opposes any and all opposing worldviews. This type of Islam would oppose American and Western views in regard to liberty and freedom.

HOPFE, LEWIS M. (1991) Religions of the World, New York, Macmillan Publishing Company. 

NIGOSIAN, S.A. (1994) World Faiths, New York, St. Martin’s Press.

WALLACE TOM Jr. (2015) Refuting Islam, The Christian Patriots Guide to Exposing the Evils of Islam, Bellingham, Fundamental Publishers.

Saturday, August 11, 2018

Romans, Proverbs & problematic debt

British Columbia tour


Related April 2015

Update

In regard to the subject of financial 'Debt', reviewing Nelson's Three In One Bible Reference Companion:

Romans 13:8 is provided as example. From the New American Standard Version: Romans 13:8 New American Standard Bible (NASB)

8 Owe nothing to anyone except to love one another; for he who loves [a]his neighbor has fulfilled the law. Footnotes: Romans 13:8 Lit the other from the New American Standard Bible (NASB)

Writing on 13: 8... Cranfield comments that 'Christians are to leave no debts, no obligations to their fellow-men undischarged.' Cranfield (1992: 326).

Mounce: 'The Christian is to allow no debt to remain outstanding except the one that can never be paid off-''the debt to the love one another''.' Mounce (1995: 245). A key in regard to financial debt with the verse is the 'Owe nothing to anyone', although overall within Christian faith, theology and philosophy, love of course is central.

As a student, with eventually a high-level, British, PhD I had many years to be frugal and conservative with my income and to prayerfully consider money and now have quite a strong theological and philosophical objection to debt. To update from my article, I am now, technically, debt free. I purchased a ‘newish’ used US model, SUV with cash, as paying for fixes is cheaper than making monthly payments for new. As I have been homecaring for ‘the Boss’ since 2002, I should inherit the condominium once she passes. Whenever, that occurs. Thankfully, the mortgage payments are low, as is the overall debt, relatively, for a mortgage.

It seems good and reasonable to have significant cash savings and the ability to travel to Europe for cultural activities, football tours and a holiday from work. Travelling to the United States, Asia and other continents also is reasonable for similar reasons. It is also good and reasonable to have significant money to give to the Church and the poor, for example. I collect books, for fiction and non-fiction and I need the funds to do this affordably and reasonably.

Romans 13: 8 is good and reasonable is regard to financial debt.

Proverbs on debt (New American Standard Version): I preferred this one for the context of the article:

Proverbs 22: 7

The rich rules over the poor, And the borrower becomes the lender's slave.

CRANFIELD, C.E.B. (1992) Romans: A Shorter Commentary, Grand Rapids, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.

MOUNCE, ROBERT H. (1995) The New American Commentary: Romans, Nashville, Broadman & Holman Publishers. Nelson's Three-In-One Bible Reference (1982), Nashville, Thomas Nelson Publishers.

Thursday, August 09, 2018

In Three Minutes: Getting real with Matthew 18

Kelowna


Further from what I was attempting to state before my self-imposed, four minute mark. I do not reason that shunning is a good, biblical, Godly, way to deal with sin or supposed sin.

Those in the Church should always be civil and demonstrate love, even when fellowship ceases due to sin.

1 Corinthians 5: 9 from New American Standard Bible (NASB)

9 I wrote you in my letter not to associate with immoral people; 10 I did not at all mean with the immoral people of this world, or with the covetous and swindlers, or with idolaters, for then you would have to go out of the world. 11 But [f]actually, I wrote to you not to associate [g]with any so-called brother if he is an immoral person, or covetous, or an idolater, or a reviler, or a drunkard, or a swindler—not even to eat with such a one. 12 For what have I to do with judging outsiders? Do you not judge those who are within the church? 13 But those who are outside, God [h]judges. Remove the wicked man from among yourselves.
---
1 Corinthians 5:11 Lit now
1 Corinthians 5:11 Lit together if any man called a brother is
1 Corinthians 5:13 Or will judge

Even in this extreme case, I still would not recommend shunning, but instead reason this example is prohibiting fellowship with the hope of restoration. In 2 Corinthians, restoration with this offending brother in 1 Corinthians 5 is encouraged.

NEW AMERICAN STANDARD BIBLE, Updated Version (1995), American Bible Society, New York.

Tuesday, August 07, 2018

Motive is key (PhD Edit)

Ferry ride to Nakusp


August 8, 2018

When working through problems of evil, academically, theologically, philosophically, biblically and personally, I reason that John Calvin’s explanation in regard to God’s motives is sound. 

I do not embrace Calvinism, however, but I am definitely Reformed, theologically, without being a specific follower of Calvin. God is infinite, eternal, omnipotent. God’s biblical, sovereign, providential control over his creation from Genesis to Revelation demonstrates that God does will all things, whether directly willing or allowing, or within perfect will or permissible will. This can also be reasoned in a parallel way with premises and conclusions via philosophy of religion. viewing God as the first and primary cause of all things, while allowing for secondary causes within compatibilism (God's sovereignty is compatible with the limited free will, via nature, of secondary agents).

PhD, University of Wales, Trinity Saint David, Lampeter, 2010: Theodicy and Practical Theology 

David Ray Griffin vigorously challenges Calvinistic notions of sovereignty in regard to theodicy.[1]  Griffin claims that God cannot be shown to be perfectly moral for three reasons.[2]  One, God cannot be understood to be morally perfect because God is an alleged deity and his morality cannot be demonstrated.[3]  Two, since with a Calvininstic view God wills all things, including evil acts, God must be immoral.[4]  Three, since Calvinists believe that God bases all things on eternal decisions, God is not truly free and is therefore amoral.[5] 

The Calvinist could reply to Griffin with the words of Calvin himself in The Bondage and Liberation of the Will, that God is moral and as evil human actions occur God is willing a good thing and the sinner another.[6]  This type of explanation needs to be presented in a logical and reasonable way.[7]

CALVIN, JOHN (1539)(1998) The Institutes of the Christian Religion, Book II, Translated by Henry Beveridge, Grand Rapids, The Christian Classic Ethereal Library, Wheaton College. http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/institutes.html

CALVIN, JOHN (1539)(1998) The Institutes of the Christian Religion, Book IV, Translated by Henry Beveridge, Grand Rapids, The Christian Classic Ethereal Library, Wheaton College. http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/institutes.html

CALVIN, JOHN (1540)(1973) Romans and Thessalonians, Translated by Ross Mackenzie, Grand Rapids, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.

CALVIN, JOHN (1543)(1996) The Bondage and Liberation of the Will, Translated by G.I. Davies, Grand Rapids, Baker Book House.

CALVIN, JOHN (1550)(1978) Concerning Scandals, Translated by John W. Fraser, Grand Rapids, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.

CALVIN, JOHN (1552)(1995) Acts, Translated by Watermark, Nottingham, Crossway Books.  

CALVIN, JOHN (1553)(1952) Job, Translated by Leroy Nixon, Grand Rapids, Baker Book House.  

CALVIN, JOHN (1554)(1965) Genesis, Translated by John King, Edinburgh, The Banner of Truth Trust.

GRIFFIN, DAVID RAY (1976) God, Power, and Evil, Philadelphia, The Westminster Press.   



[1] Griffin (1976: 116-130).
[2] Griffin (1976: 130).
[3] Griffin (1976: 130).
[4] Griffin (1976: 130).
[5] Griffin (1976: 130).
[6] Calvin (1543)(1996: 37).
[7] While at the same time seriously examining criticisms of the view.

Saturday, August 04, 2018

Returned from Cranbrook-Revelstoke trip/Proverbs on holding the tongue

Golden, British Columbia

I returned home  today from a several hundred kilometre driving trip for ministry work; much of it in heat typically warmer than in Maple Ridge in the summer. I would like to have more tasks closer to my skill-set, but I met many good Christian people on tour and at the host churches. I gained more employment and life skills. I made friends.

Most people were positive and fair, and if I was critiqued, it was in love, but for the otherwise small minority, the following Hebrew Bible and Biblical concept came to mind...

New American Standard Bible

Proverbs 21: 23

23 He who guards his mouth and his tongue, Guards his soul from troubles.