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Continuing on with the review of the Langer philosophical text, learning and sharing findings.
On page 111 it states:
'Express symbolically the propositional forms exemplified by:'
B.
New York is greater than Boston.
London is greater than Paris.
Paris is greater than London.
C.
If Paris is greater than London, then London is not greater than Paris.
If London is greater than Paris, then Paris is not greater than London.
The symbol > as in greater than is suggested for use by Langer. (111).
Some key symbols from the text
˜ = not
⊃ = means the same as
∃ = there exists
∃! = there exists
⊨ = entails
N > B ⊨ B < N
(New York is greater than Boston entails Boston is less than New York)
N > B ⊃ B < N
(New York is greater than Boston means the same as Boston is less than New York)
How New York is supposedly greater than Boston is not defined within this philosophical text.
P ˜ < L
(Paris is not less than London)
E ⊨ (P, L) Brackets sometimes used for clarification.
Europe entails Paris and London.
∃!E or ∃!(E)
∃E or ∃(E)
Europe exists (There exists Europe).
I can deduce that this type of written communication could, if defined properly, clarify some philosophical and theological issues, or at least provide a different explanation.
LANGER, SUSANNE K (1953)(1967) An Introduction to Symbolic Logic, Dover Publications, New York.
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