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| Edinburgh, 2016:trekearth.com |
LANGER, SUSANNE K (1953)(1967) An Introduction to Symbolic Logic, Dover Publications, New York.
My apologies as this article has nothing to do with The Lord of the Rings. Yes I saw the very well-done films in the theatre, but I am not a fanatic. This may be a form of 'sacrilege' but it seemed like I viewed virtually the same very good film, done six times. To make matters worse, the wizards reminded me of the Harry Potter films, which I also viewed in the theatre. No, I do not read any related large fictional texts to learn the 'whole story' as certain friends suggest.
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In the previous section within the Langer text, the propositions presented a system of elements within a universe of discourse. This presents a formal context. (82).
In other words, the logical and proper use of symbolic logic allows for reasonably understood communication between two parties, within that system and universe of discourse, (82).
The symbol fm2 is introduced. (82). The symbol int is = (equals) by interpretation.or identified with. (82).
K=int 'persons' (82).
fm2='fellowship of' (82).
K=int with persons A, B, and C
The Arabic number two is dropped for Langer's examples. but it has been established that fellowship and fellowman would present two persons in context from my understanding.
A fm B (Person A has fellowship with person B)
B fm C (Person B has fellowship with person C)
Or is A the fellowman of B (82).
A person cannot be a fellowman of self. Therefore A is not the fellowman of A (82-83).
~(A fm A)
R=Russell Norman Murray
J=Jesus Christ
R fm J (Russell Norman Murray has fellowship with Jesus Christ, incarnate God, in a spiritual, biblical context. In a biblical sense we are fellowman/fellowmen (1 John as example)).
~=false
S=Satanic beings
~(R fm S) (Russell Norman Murray does not have fellowship with Satanic beings, in a spiritual, biblical context. Russell Norman Murray is not a fellowman with Satanic beings).
When a proposition is not true 'it is customary to enclose the proposition in parentheses and prefix to this whole prepossession the sign ~.' (72). The tilde sign or symbol.
I admit this has been a little confusing reviewing this philosophy text as some non-false propositions are at least partly in parenthesis, but I work on. Learning these symbols will assist within the academic disciplines of philosophy and mathematics.
