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| Drachenburg Castle near Bonn-Wikia |
LANGER, SUSANNE K (1953)(1967) An Introduction to Symbolic Logic, Dover Publications, New York.
Preface
I have been involved in three free courses the last two weeks. Two courses offered through a secular college affiliated with the Provincial and Federal governments related to career directly and one course through a local megachurch, related to career indirectly; the church course still in progress. There are of course ministry and spiritual considerations with the church course.
I will comment that in the secular context, although the instruction was good, a minority of the participants caused me to be reminded me of the secondary school environment and the dangers of substance abuse in effecting the mind in making career-related decisions. I state this far more in an analytical context as opposed to judgemental context (judging the person). I am saved by grace through faith alone, for good works and not by good works. (Ephesians 1-2).
I continue to work through the weighty Symbolic Logic material...
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LANGER, SUSANNE K (1953)(1967) An Introduction to Symbolic Logic, Dover Publications, New York.
Chapter 1: The Study of forms (Continued from previous article)
Logical Form
'Form' as a term is defined beyond simply meaning shape. (23). This would be reasoned out from my previous related article, if not from Langer's section alone, then the philosophical additions I included.
The Langer text is specifically concerned with 'logical form' as opposed to form as in shape or physical shape. (24). This makes sense in the context of symbolic logic in the disciplines of mathematics and philosophy.
Structure
The logical form of something is the way it is constructed. (24). Its structure. It is the way it is put together. (24). If something has a definite form, it it constructed and structured in a definite way. (24).
Form and content
Material in a form may not be physical at all (26). Logicians attempt to avoid this connotation by calling that 'medium wherein a form is expressed, its content'. (27).
The author explains that we have so far (In the text) considered how the same content can appear in different forms. (27). But as well the same form may be exemplified by different contents. (27).
Different things may take the same form. An example is given of a human face carved out of a stone mountain, so therefore these different things would have a sameness of form. It (the carving) is arranged, (27) but still there is an aspect of sameness of form.
Analogy
'Analogy is nothing but the recognition of a common form in different things.' (29).
'A "logical picture" differs from an ordinary picture in that it need not look the least bit like its object. (29).
Its relation to the object is not of a copy, but an analogy. (29).
That is excellent, philosophy, so there is of course so such thing as a perfect analogy!
'It is only by analogy that one thing can represent another which does not resemble it.' (30). By analogy a map can mean a certain place. (30).
